Your Inciting Incident
by Randy Ingermanson
Advanced Fiction Writing
A novel is not just some random collection of events.
A novel is a story. It has a beginning, a middle,
and an end, and they’re connected. There’s a direction to the story. The
beginning is about the lead character’s pursuit of a certain ending.
The middle is about all the complications that come from pursuing that
ending. The ending is about whether the lead character gets the ending
he wanted, or some other ending.
The ending that the lead character wants is called the “story goal.”
But it’s a rare novel in which the lead character
knows on page one what the story goal is. In many novels, the lead
character doesn’t even know on page one that there is a story goal.
Often, the lead character begins the story with nothing more than a
vague discontent with The Way Things Are.
Something has to happen for the lead character to
decide on a specific story goal. That’s often what the beginning of the
story is all about. By the end of the beginning, the lead character
should know what that story goal is and be committed to getting it, at
any cost.
But what is it, exactly, that moves the lead
character off his butt from his initial vague discontent? What leads him
to begin trying to define a story goal?
The Inciting Incident
Something has to happen to change things. Very
often, that “something” is external to the character. It happens to the
character and focuses that vague discontent into a stronger emotion—rage
or terror or desire or whatever.
That “something” is called the “inciting incident.
Every story needs an inciting incident. It can come early or it can come
extremely early, but it needs to push your lead character off balance
and into the story.
Example 1: The Hunger Games
In The Hunger Games, the inciting incident comes
quite early. Our heroine, Katniss Everdeen, goes to the Reaping
ceremony, just hoping her name doesn’t get drawn. That will enable her
to get on with her life.
The good news is that her name isn’t drawn.
The bad news is that her little sister’s name is.
That’s the inciting incident. Up till now, Katniss
has been unhappy with the way the Capitol is running things. She’s
thought of escaping District 12. But she hasn’t taken any action or even
decided what action she might take.
But now her sister’s name is called. Her sister is a
young kid, and going to the Hunger Games is a death sentence. Katniss
doesn’t even think about it. She reacts instantly, volunteering to take
her sister’s place.
Her assumption is that this means she’s going to
die. It hasn’t occurred to her that she might win the Hunger Games. That
thought comes to her later.
The novel is the story of Katniss’s attempt to win the Hunger Games.
But that story would never have even been possible without the Inciting Incident—the Reaping in which Katniss is forced to volunteer.
Example 2: Pride & Prejudice
Pride & Prejudice starts fairly quickly. In the
first scene, we learn that a certain eligible bachelor, Mr. Bingley, has
moved into the neighborhood and he’ll be making his appearance at the
coming country ball.
Our heroine, Lizzie Bennet, is not particularly
interested. She finds most men to be dull and narcissistic. She suspects
she’s going to die an old maid, because she wants to marry for love,
and that’s just not going to happen.
At the ball, Mr. Bingley brings his best friend, Mr.
Darcy. Bingley has a fine time dancing with Lizzie’s older sister, but
Darcy makes a bad first impression on everybody as a man who is stiff
and formal and arrogant.
In reality, Darcy feels socially inept and is afraid
to be friendly because he doesn’t know how. But he’s powerfully
attracted to Lizzie Bennet, which leads him to make an off-hand comment
to his friend Bingley denying his attraction.
Unfortunately, Lizzie hears the comment and is deeply offended. She’d like nothing more than to put him in his place.
Darcy leaves the dance wrestling with the terrible fact that he’s now infatuated with a woman who is far below him socially.
The dance is the inciting incident for this story.
Early in the story, Darcy will fight his feelings and Lizzie will subtly
mock him. At a certain point, Darcy will realize that it’s no use
fighting. He’s going to have to pursue Lizzie, because he has to. But by
this time, she’s committed to evading his pursuit.
The novel is the story of Darcy’s pursuit of Lizzie, and Lizzie’s attempts to evade.
None of this would have happened without the Inciting Incident—the dance where Darcy and Lizzie meet.
Example 3: The Godfather
The Godfather is a massive novel about a thoroughly repugnant character, Don Corleone, the godfather of a Mafia family.
The story begins with the wedding of the godfather’s
only daughter. A lot happens at the wedding that will be relevant
later. But the story really hasn’t begun yet. Fact is, the godfather is
sitting rather pretty right now. He has multiple streams of income, he
has the honor of his community, and he has any number of judges in his
back pocket. The one nagging concern is that none of his sons is quite
right to replace him as the godfather, but that’s not a big issue. He’s
healthy and apparently has many years ahead of him.
Soon after this, he meets with a young gangster
named Sollozzo. Sollozzo works with a rival family, and he wants to
begin importing a new drug that has enormous profit potential—heroin.
Sollozzo needs the godfather’s help in getting legal protection. His men
are going to get arrested occasionally. It will be crucial to be able
to bribe the godfather’s pet judges.
The godfather says no. He doesn’t care about the
people who will be harmed by heroin. His concern is that drugs are too
hot, that his judges will balk, and his empire will be harmed. So he
refuses to cooperate.
But the godfather’s impetuous son Sonny expresses interest. Verbally. To Sollozzo.
Sollozzo leaves the meeting and orders a hit on the
godfather. It nearly succeeds. Don Corleone is now terribly wounded and
his empire is thrown into disarray.
The novel is the story of Don Corleone’s search for a
successor—one powerful enough to regain the Corleone family’s standing
as the premier Mafia family. And ruthless enough to exact a stunning
revenge on Sollozzo and his backers.
None of this would have happened without the Inciting Incident—the initial meeting between the godfather and Sollozzo.
Homework
- Do you know the Inciting Incident for your novel?
- If so, does it begin as close to the beginning of the story as possible?
- If not, can you think of some scene early in your novel that could serve as your Inciting Incident if you tweaked it a bit?
- What external forces tip your lead character off his or her balance?
- Does your lead character have a choice after the Inciting Incident?
If so, what part of his character leads him to make the decision to
enter the story you want to tell?
About The Author
Randy Ingermanson
is a theoretical physicist and the award-winning author of six novels.
He has taught at numerous writing conferences over the years and
publishes the free monthly Advanced Fiction Writing E-zine.