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Showing posts with label Grammar. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Grammar. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 29, 2025

101 Essential Websites for Fiction Writers: A Comprehensive Resource Guide

 

Remember, practice is key. The more you write, the better you'll become. Don't be afraid to experiment with different styles and genres. Most importantly, enjoy the process of creating stories that captivate your reader.


101 Essential Websites for Fiction Writers: A Comprehensive Resource Guide


By Olivia Salter 


Fiction writing is a rewarding but challenging art form that combines the boundless creativity of imagination with the structured discipline of storytelling. It requires not only the ability to craft compelling characters, plots, and settings but also the determination to revise, polish, and share your work with the world. For many writers, the journey is a mix of personal exploration and professional growth, where persistence often separates dreamers from achievers.

Fortunately, in the digital age, the internet serves as an unparalleled resource for both aspiring and experienced fiction writers. Whether you're looking to hone your writing skills, find inspiration, or navigate the complexities of publishing, countless tools and platforms are available to support every stage of your journey. These resources provide access to expert advice, interactive workshops, critique communities, and even specialized software designed to simplify the creative process.

To help you make the most of this wealth of information, we’ve curated a comprehensive list of 101 websites tailored to the needs of fiction writers. Organized into categories like writing techniques, community forums, publishing advice, and productivity tools, this guide is designed to meet writers where they are, whether they’re crafting their first story or perfecting their tenth novel. Dive into this treasure trove of resources, and let it serve as a map to navigate the rewarding but often challenging world of fiction writing.

Writing Craft and Techniques

  1. Writer’s Digest: Tips on plot, characters, and structure.
  2. Helping Writers Become Authors: Deep dives into story structure and character arcs.
  3. Reedsy Blog: Articles on publishing and creative writing techniques.
  4. The Write Practice: Interactive lessons and writing prompts.
  5. Well-Storied: Guides to plotting and worldbuilding.

Online Writing Communities

  1. Critique Circle: A space for writers to exchange feedback.
  2. Scribophile: Comprehensive critique system with a supportive community.
  3. NaNoWriMo Forums: Community for novel-writing advice and encouragement.
  4. Wattpad: Share stories and connect with an active readership.
  5. Absolute Write Forums: Discussions on all aspects of writing.

Plotting and Worldbuilding

  1. One Stop for Writers: Tools for character and world development.
  2. Seventh Sanctum: Random generators for plot, characters, and settings.
  3. Mythcreants: Advice for creating fantasy and sci-fi worlds.
  4. World Anvil: A platform for building and managing complex worlds.
  5. TV Tropes: Explore and analyze common storytelling tropes.

Grammar and Editing Tools

  1. Grammarly: Polishes grammar and style.
  2. ProWritingAid: Comprehensive editing software.
  3. Hemingway Editor: Highlights readability and sentence clarity.
  4. Thesaurus.com: Expand your vocabulary.
  5. Reverso: Grammar and translation tool.

Publishing and Marketing

  1. Jane Friedman: Expert advice on publishing and promotion.
  2. Query Shark: Guidance on crafting query letters.
  3. BookBub Partners: Insights into book marketing.
  4. IngramSpark: Print-on-demand and distribution services.
  5. KDP (Kindle Direct Publishing): Self-publishing on Amazon.

Writing Prompts and Challenges

  1. Reddit: Writing Prompts: Community-generated prompts.
  2. Creative Writing Prompts: Stimulate your imagination.
  3. Writing Exercises: Tools to spark ideas.
  4. Plot Generator: Generate story concepts.
  5. Story Starter: First-line prompts for inspiration.

Character Development

  1. Character Creator: Design detailed character profiles.
  2. Character Chart: Comprehensive character questionnaire.
  3. Archetypes: Explore character archetypes.
  4. Behind the Name: Name generator with meanings.
  5. Character Count Tool: Keep track of dialogue length.

Workshops and Courses

  1. MasterClass: Writing courses by acclaimed authors like Margaret Atwood and Neil Gaiman.
  2. Gotham Writers Workshop: Online and in-person classes for all levels.
  3. Coursera: Free and paid writing courses from top universities.
  4. Udemy: Affordable courses on creative writing and self-publishing.
  5. LitReactor: Advanced writing workshops and community support.

Writing Software

  1. Scrivener: Organize and write long-form projects with ease.
  2. yWriter: Free tool for organizing novel elements.
  3. FocusWriter: Distraction-free writing software.
  4. Novlr: Intuitive platform for writing and editinScrivenerg fiction.
  5. LivingWriter: Cloud-based story writing app with templates.

Inspiration and Idea Generators

  1. Story Cubes: Use dice to generate plot ideas.
  2. Writing Prompts Tumblr: Unique and quirky ideas for your stories.
  3. Fantasy Name Generators: Generate names for characters, places, and more.
  4. Writers.com: welcomes writers of all interests and skill levels.
  5. Oblique Strategies: Creative prompts to overcome writer’s block.

Fiction Writing Blogs

  1. K.M. Weiland’s Blog: Story structure and character tips.
  2. Write It Sideways: Thoughtful advice for new writers.
  3. Live Write Thrive: Insights on writing craft and industry trends.
  4. Terrible Minds: Chuck Wendig’s no-nonsense advice for writers.
  5. DailyWritingTips.com is an excellent writing blog for all kinds of writers, bloggers, and online freelancers

Literary Journals and Submission Platforms

  1. Duotrope: Comprehensive market listings for writers.
  2. Submittable: Submit work to literary magazines and contests.
  3. Poets & Writers: Submission calls and writing grants.
  4. The Writer Magazine: Industry updates and submission advice.
  5. Clifford Garstang’s Literary Magazine Rankings: Rankings for short fiction markets.

Freelance Writing Platforms

  1. Upwork: Find freelance writing opportunities.
  2. Fiverr: Offer services like beta reading and editing.
  3. ProBlogger Job Board: Freelance and blogging gigs.
  4. Freelancer: Connect with clients for writing projects.
  5. Reedsy Marketplace: Freelance opportunities for writers and editors.

Podcasts for Writers

  1. Writing Excuses: Bite-sized episodes on writing techniques.
  2. The Creative Penn Podcast: Interviews and insights on writing and publishing.
  3. The Writer Files: Interviews with successful authors.
  4. DIY MFA Radio: Tips for mastering fiction and publishing.
  5. The Bestseller Experiment: Explore the journey to bestseller status.

Writing Contests and Competitions

  1. Writer’s Digest Contests: Opportunities for writers in all genres.
  2. NYC Midnight: Timed writing challenges for short stories and screenplays.
  3. The Bridport Prize: Prestigious international writing competition.
  4. Bath Novel Award: For unpublished novelists.
  5. Scholastic Art & Writing Awards: Opportunities for young writers.

Reading Resources and Research Tools

  1. Project Gutenberg: Free access to classic literature.
  2. Google Scholar: Research academic topics for your stories.
  3. Internet Archive: Vast library of books, articles, and multimedia.
  4. JSTOR: Research database for historical and cultural studies.
  5. Goodreads: Discover books and track your reading.

Writing for Specific Genres

  1. Romance Writers of America: Resources for romance authors.
  2. Science Fiction & Fantasy Writers Association: Tips and advocacy for SFF authors.
  3. Crime Writers’ Association: Support for mystery and crime writers.
  4. Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators: Resources for children’s book authors.
  5. Horror Writers Association: Community and support for horror writers.

Author Branding and Websites

  1. WordPress: Build your author website.
  2. Squarespace: Professional, customizable websites.
  3. Canva: Design graphics for your author platform.
  4. Buffer: Manage social media campaigns.
  5. Mailchimp: Build email lists and newsletters.

Earning Money as a Writer

  1. Patreon: Crowdfund your writing.
  2. Medium: Publish and monetize your articles.
  3. Ko-fi: Accept donations for your creative work.
  4. Substack: Create and monetize newsletters.
  5. Amazon Kindle Vella: Publish serialized stories.

Miscellaneous Tools and Inspiration

  1. Evernote: Capture and organize ideas.
  2. Trello: Plan and track writing projects.
  3. MindMeister: Mind mapping for brainstorming.
  4. Pomofocus: Use the Pomodoro technique to stay productive.
  5. ZenPen: Minimalist writing tool for focused drafting.
  6. Notebook.ai: Worldbuilding and story planning platform.

By exploring these resources, you’ll discover tools to enrich your writing process, improve your craft, and connect with a supportive community. Bookmark this list and return to it whenever you need guidance or inspiration. Writing isn’t just about the words—it’s about building a world where your imagination thrives!

How to Use These Resources Effectively

With 101 resources at your fingertips, it’s important to use them strategically to maximize their benefits. Here are some tips to help you get started:

  1. Identify Your Needs: Are you struggling with plot development, character building, or marketing your book? Focus on resources tailored to your specific challenges.
  2. Set Goals: Decide on small, achievable goals, like finishing a course on writing dialogue or submitting your work to one literary magazine per month.
  3. Stay Organized: Bookmark your favorite tools, blogs, and platforms in categories so you can find them quickly when needed.
  4. Experiment and Adapt: Not every resource will resonate with you. Don’t hesitate to try multiple tools or switch platforms until you find the best fit.
  5. Engage with Communities: Writing can feel isolating, but online forums and critique groups can provide encouragement, accountability, and constructive feedback.
  6. Invest in Yourself: Some resources, like courses or software, require a financial investment. Prioritize those that align with your goals and offer long-term value.
  7. Commit to Growth: Writing is a craft that evolves over time. Dedicate time regularly to improving your skills through these resources.

Final Thoughts

Whether you’re a seasoned novelist or a budding short story writer, these 101 websites offer something for everyone. From mastering your craft and finding your voice to navigating the publishing world and connecting with readers, these resources can guide you every step of the way.

Writing is both an art and a discipline, and the right tools can make all the difference in achieving your creative dreams. Start exploring today, and remember: the most important part of being a writer is to keep writing!

Navigating the wealth of resources available online can feel overwhelming, but these websites offer trusted starting points. Whether you’re plotting your first novel, polishing a short story, or marketing your latest book, these tools will empower your creative journey. Save this guide and explore one site at a time—you never know what spark of inspiration you’ll find.

What are your go-to resources for writing? Share your recommendations in the comments or join the conversation on social media.

Monday, July 1, 2024

ProWritingAid: The AI-Powered Writing Assistant

 

 

ProWritingAid: The AI-Powered Writing Assistant

 

by Olivia Salter


ProWritingAid is a versatile tool designed to enhance your writing by providing actionable advice, comprehensive story critiques, and inspiration. Whether you’re a novelist, blogger, or student, ProWritingAid can help you write with confidence. Here’s what you need to know:
  1. Actionable Advice for Powerful Writing:

    • Instantly improve your sentences by adding sensory details, eliminating weak words, and fixing common mistakes.
    • Enhance your plot, characters, and setting with custom suggestions.
    • Identify areas to engage readers using “show, don’t tell” recommendations.
  2. Comprehensive Story Critiques:

    • Get insights into your story’s strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
    • Discover how to enhance your plot, pacing, and character development.
  3. Tools for Inspiration:

    • Beat writer’s block with tools that help you start or continue writing.
    • Access the right words whenever you need them.
  4. Seamless Integration:

    • ProWritingAid works across all the apps you use, whether on desktop or online.
    • It seamlessly integrates with Google Docs, MS Word, and more.
  5. Privacy and Security:

    • Your writing is safe with ProWritingAid. They never use your text to train algorithms.
    • Bank-level security ensures your work remains confidential.

How to Get Started

  1. Sign Up for Free:
    • No credit card required. Sign up in 30 seconds.
  2. Improve Your Writing:
    • Review ProWritingAid’s suggestions to enhance your story.
  3. Publish with Confidence:
    • Share your best work with the world.

Join bestselling authors who trust ProWritingAid to edit their books. Whether you’re writing romance, adventure, or fantasy, ProWritingAid has your back.

Unlock your potential and create your masterpiece today!

Learn more: ProWritingAid


Feel free to explore ProWritingAid and take your writing to the next level!

Thursday, March 2, 2023

Bad Ideas About Writing, Cheryl E Ball, by Drew M Loewe, Copyright Year: 2017

Bad Ideas About Writing

 

Bad Ideas About Writing

 

by Cheryl E Ball ( Editor), Drew M Loewe (Editor), 

 

Copyright Year: 2017

 

Bad Ideas About Writing makes for interesting reading. People with a stake in the teaching of writing can take away some valuable insights. Creative writers as well can benefit from the exposure of harmful cliches surrounding the writing life. Where the book falls short is working as an introductory writing text which, admittedly, it does not seem to be intended for.

Contents

  1. Bad Ideas About What Good Writing Is
  2. Bad Ideas About Who Good Writers Are
  3. Bad Ideas About Style, Usage, and Grammar
  4. Bad Ideas About Writing Techniques
  5. Bad Ideas About Genres
  6. Bad Ideas About Assessing Writing
  7. Bad Ideas About Writing and Digital Technology
  8. Bad Ideas About Writing Teachers


The PDF might take a minute to load. Or, click to download PDF.

If your Web browser is not configured to display PDF files. No worries, just click here to download the PDF file.

 

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0

Monday, November 14, 2022

ProWritingAid 2022 Black Friday Sale November 14 - 29

ProWritingAid 2022 Black Friday Sale November 14 - 29

ProWritingAid 2022 Black Friday Sale November 14 - 29

 

ProWritingAid 2022 Black Friday Sale November 14 - 29

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From November 14 - 29, you can get ProWritingAid for the lowest price this year:

Lifetime licenses will be 50% off

Annual subscriptions will be 50% off

 

This black Friday, our friends at ProWritingAid are offering their biggest discount yet: 50% OFF ProWritingAid Premium lifetime and yearly plans! 🤩

ProWritingAid is your all-in-one editor and writing coach. With Premium, you get full access to in-depth reports with an unlimited word count!🙌

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ProWritingAid

Writing Techniques

Writing Techniques

 
Check for answers to the most common writing technique questions, or try our writing improvement software.
 

Monday, September 26, 2022

A Writer's Manual and Workbook by Paul P. Kies

A Writer's Manual and Workbook by Paul P. Kies

A Writer's Manual and Workbook by Paul P. Kies

 

 CONTENTS

PUNCTUATION

Comma — Ch. 21, § D

Compound sent, with conjunction, 5.1, 21.10;
unnecessary with short clauses, 5.2, 21.10.

Comma splice, 5.8, 13.8, 21.11 (transitional ex-
pression not a conjunction, 5.5, 5.9); error of
merely removing comma, 5.13.

Initial adverbial elements: clause, 113, 21.12
(short clause, 11.4); long phrase, 3.2, 21.12;
prep, gerund phrase, 17.7, 21.12; inf., 21.12.

Inserted elements, 21.13.

Restrictive and non-restr. modifiers (definition
of restrictive, 10.1 — of non-restrictive, 10.2):
adj. cl., 10.3, 21.14; other adj. mod., 10.4;
restr. app., 10.5 (meaning changed bye., 10.7);
non-restr. appositive, 10.6 (meaning changed
by c., 10.7); smh as, 10.11; non-restrictive
part, 16.6; final adv. cl., 11.5; cl. with/iro-
vided that, 11.6; cl. of degree or comparison,
11.7; cl. of concession, pure result, contrast,
11,8; clause of purpose, reason, 11.9-11.10.

Series — a, b, and c, 1.4, 21.15; complicated
2-part pred., 1.3; and without comma, 1.5.

Consecutive coordinate adjectives, 21.16.

Short direct quotation, 12.6, 21.17; quotation
interrupted by he said, 12.8, 21.17.

Elements falsely read together, 21.18.

Slightly parenthetical elements, 21.19; nom. of
address, 8.2, 21.19a; nom. absolute, 16.8,
21.19b; clauses, 5.10-5.11, 21,19f; transitional
expressions (c. unnecessary after hence, etc.),
5.6, 10.12, 21.19d (“buried” transitional exp.,
5.7); parenthetical infinitive, 18,2; etc.

Complicated noun clause as subject, 12.2.

Pred. repeating last word of noun cl., 12.3.

Comma incorrect, 21.20; indirect quot., 12.9;
dropping of c. before dash, 21. ,32; dropping of
c. with question mark plus quots., 21.48; how-
ever as a rel. adv., 13.9; yon know, etc., 10.14;
most n. cl., 12.1; ger. in most uses, 17.6; short
initial phr., 3.3; initial phr. followed immedi-
ately by verb, 3,4; restrictive adj. cl., 10.3;
restrictive appositive, 10.5; restrictive part.,
16.5; series— a and b and c (or, a and b), 1.2.

Brackets — Ch. 21, § B

Editorial insertion, 21.40.

Parenthesis within parenthesis, 21.41.

Colon — Ch. 21, § F

Final appositive, list, series, etc., 21.24, 10.9.

Appositive with namely, etc., 10.12.

Final noun cl. in non-restrictive apposition, 12.5.


PUNCTUATION (continued)

Colon (completed)

Final gerund in non-restr. apposition, 17.6.
Long or formal quotation, 12.7, 21.25.
Salutation of formal letter, 21.26.

Time indication, Bible reference, 21.27.

Daslt~-Ch. 21, § G
Broken sentence, 21.28.

Complicated non-restrictive expression, 10.8
21.29; noun clause, 12.4; gerund, 17.6.
Appositive with namely, etc., 10.12.

Final appositive, 10.9.

Parenthetical material, 21.30.

Summary of preceding series, 21.31.

Dropping of comma or period before dash, 21.32
Overuse of dash, 21.33.

Exclamation Point

Exclamatory sent., 1.9; any exclamation, 21.9
Retention of exclamation p. before dash, 21.32

Parentheses— Ch. 21, § B
Parenthetical material, 21.34.

Other punctuation with parentheses, 21.35.
Separate sentence in parentheses, 21.36.
Confirmatory figure, 21.37.

Numerals for numbering points, 21.38.

Deletion, 21.39.

Period— Ch. 21, § B; etc.

Declarative or imperative sentence, 1.7, 21.1,
Abbreviation, 21.2, 22.11.

Fragmentary sentence, 21.3.

Quot. interrupted by he said, etc., 12.8, 21.17
Dropping of period before dash, 21.32.
Dropping of period before closing mark of paren
thesis, 21.35.

Dropping of period with question mark plu;
quotation marks, 21.48.

Question Mark — Ch. 21, § C
Interrogative sentence, 1.8, 21.4.

Indirect question, 21.5.

Polite request in question form (period), 21.6
Uncertainty, 21.7.

Irony (objectionable), 21.8.

Retention of question mark before dash, 21.32

Quotation Marks (and quotations) — Ch. 21, § i
Direct quotation, 21.42.

Indirect quotation (not), 21.43,

Quotation interrupted by he said, etc., 21.45
Quotation of more than one paragraph, 21.44. “
Change of speaker, 21.46.

Other punctuation with quotation marks, 21.47



PUNCTUATION (completed)

Quotation Marks (completed)

’ Comma or period with endamation point or
question mark plus quotation marks, 21.48.
iQuoted titles, 21.49.

,'fUnfamiliar technical terms, 21.50.

3Slang, 28.8; overuse as indication of irony or
i;; apology for slang, 21.51.

'.Quotation within quotation, 21 52.
jiBlocked quotation, 22.45.

I Citation of source of quotation, 22.46.

1 Semicolon — Ch. Zl, § E

Compound sent, without conj., S.4, 21.21.
Compound sent, with only trans. exp., 5.5, 5.9.
"Run-together” sentence, 5.12.
jAppositive with that is, 10.12.

^Quot. interrupted by he said, etc., 12.&, 21.17.
Complicated compound sentence, S.3, 21.22.
Complicated elements not indep. clauses, 21.23.

General

Sentences, Ch. 1, §H.

Clauses, Ch. 13, § E: Independent Clauses,
Ch. 5, § D, § E, § F; .Adjective Clauses, Ch. 10,
§ C; Adverbial Clauses, Ch. 11 § C; Noun
Clauses, Ch. 12, § B.

Participles, Ch. 16, § D.

Gerunds, Ch. 17, § D.

MECHANICS

Abbreviations— Ch. 2Z, § B

Abbreviations generally undesirable (excep-
tions listed), 22.7.

Abbreviations in business letters, 22.8.

Matter requiring brevity, 22.9.

Capitalization of abbreviations, 22.10.

Period after abbreviations, 21.2, 22.11,

Apostrophe — Ch. 22, § C

Possessive forms — subhead under “Grammar.”
Omission of letters, 22.36.

. Plural of figure, letter, etc., 7.12, 22.39.

Capitals — Ch. 22, § 4

Sentence, 1.6, 22.1.

Direct quotation, 22.1.

Each line of poetry, 22.2.

Proper nouns and adjectiv'es, 22.3; unnecessary
if association with original has been lost, 22.4.
Subjects of study, 22.5.

I, 0, 'Salutation of letter, etc., 22.6.

Compounds— Ch. 22, J E

^ Numerals, 22.25; fractions, 22,26,

‘■'Compound adj. modifier preceding noun, 22,27.
Compound noun ending in prep, or adv., 22,28.
Other compounds, 22.29.


MECHANICS (completed)

Investigative Paper — Ch. 22, § J

Card bibliography, 22.51 (supplementary notes.
Ap. 2) ; bibliography card for reference work,
Ap. 3; bibliography cards alphabetical, Ap, 4.

Card catalog, 22.52; Reader’s Guide, 22.53; bib-
liographies in encyclopedias, etc., 22.54; bib-
liographies for special fields, 22.55.

Notes, 22.56; exact reference, 22.57.

Outline, 22. .58.

Footnotes, 22 59: amount of text covered, i.n-
sertion in text, Ap. 5; books, 22.60 (no comma
before parenlJrcses with place and year, foot-
note for bulletin, book in series, writing un-
connected with rest of book, .Ap. 6); magazine
articles, 22 61 (no comma before parentheses
with year, .Ap. 7); “guide” for footnotes, -Ap. 8;
ibid., op. cit., loc. at., etc., 22 62; avoidance of
repeating data, 22.63; parenthetical matter,
22.64.

Bibliographical lists, 22.65; lines solid, entries
for bulletin, book in series, unconnected writ-
ing, Ap. 9; “ guide ” for bibl. entries, Ap. 10.

Note on other systems of documentation, Ap. 11.

Italics — Ch. 22, § D

Indication in typing or script, 22,19.

Words, etc., out of context, 22.20.

Quoted titles, 22,21,

Unnaturalized foreign words, 22,22.

Emphasis, 22.23, 27.16.

Ships, resolutions, law cases, 22.24.

Manuscript— Ch. 22, § U

Materials, 22.40; margins and spacing, 22.41.

Legibility, 22.42.

Titles; choice of, 22.43; mechanics of, 22.44.

Quotations, 22,45; citation of source, 22.46.

Acknowledgment of indebtedness, 22.47.

Paging, 22.48; folding, 22.49.

Endorsing, 22.50.

Numbers — Ch. 22, J C

Figures preferable, 22.12.

Words preferable, 22,13.

Dates, time of day, street numbers, references
tables, 22.14,

Avoidance of figures initially, 22.15.

Uniformity, 22,16,

Sums of money, 22.17.

Confirmatory figures, 22.18.

Syllabication — Ch. 22, § F

Avoidance of setting off short elements, 22.30.

Splitting of a syllable wTong, 22.31.

Division betw'een component parts, 22.32.

Single consonant between two vowels, 22.33,

Mote than one cons, behveen two vowels, 22.34.

Hyphen at end of first line, 22.35.



GRAMMAR


GRAMMAR (continued)


AJjecthc Old Adverb

Modifier of verb, 2.7.

Due to (adjectival), 3.1.

Adjective with verb pertaining to senses, 2.10.

Agreement— Ch. 7, § C, § E; etc.

Pron. with ant., 7.13; singularity of eacA, etc.,
7.14 (mas. pron. for common gender, 7.15).

Verb with subject, 7.16 (not with subjective
complement, 8.1): noun intervening, 7.17; as
well as, etc., 7.18; he don’t, 7.19; compound
subject with and, 7.20 (near identity, actual
identity, 7.21); compound subject with or,
nor, 7.22 (with different forms of verb, 7.23);
subj. following verb, 7.24; plu. rel. pron., 7.25;
sing. rel. pron., 7.26; collective sing., 7.27; col-
lective noun as plu. ,7.28 ; a number of, etc., 7.29;
mass plu , 7.30; data, scissors, etc., 7.31; news,
politics, athletics, 7.32; plu. title, etc., 7.33.

Case Functions— Ch. 9, § C; etc.

Subject, 9.11.

Subjective complement, 9.11.

Nominative of address, 9.11.

Direct object, 9.12.

Indirect object, 9.12.

Object of preposition, 9.12.

Objective complement, 9.12.

Adverbial noun, 9.13.

Appositive, 9.16.

Substantive of nominative absolute, 16.3.

“Subject” of obj.-inf. construction, 18.1.

Complement after to be in obj.-inf. constr., 18.1.

Poss. with gerund, 17.1 (evceptions, 17.2).

Case of relative pronoun, 10.13; not affected by
parenthetical he knows, etc., 10.14.

Case of pronoun in noun clause, 12.10.

Possessive of inanimate objects iilogical, 9.14
(exceptions, 9.15).

Comparison — Ch. 2, § C; Ch. 11, § E

Positive, 2.1.

Comparative, 2.2, 2.8.

J Superlative, 2.3, 2.8.

Forms in adjective, 2.4.

Forms in adverb, 2.5.

i Adjective, adverb lacking comparison, 2.6.

Different than, 2.9.

1 Logical comparison; comp, degree, 11.25; super-

j lative degree, 11.26; exact specification, 11.27.

' Conjunctions — Ch. 11, § D; etc.

I 31s ... or vs. 50 ... <M, 11.1.

j As ... os, than not prep., 11.20 {than whom,
11.21);pron. asobj. after as . . .as, than, 11.22-,
ambiguous noun after as as, than. 11,23.


Conjunctions (completed)

Mixture of than and as . . . as, 11.24.
Omission of subordinating conjunction, 11.2.

Like not a conj., 11.11; a preposition, 11.12.
Willmil not a conjunction, 11.13.

While for and, 11.14.

While for whereas, 11.15.

IFh/fe for concession, 11.16.

As and since for cause, 11.17.

Providing for provided, 11.18.

So and such as intensives, 11.19.

Because in noun clause, 12.11.

When or where cl. as subj. complement, 12.12.
Where clause as direct object, lll3.

Dangling Elements

Participle, 16.9.

Gerund phrase: active, 17.3; passive, 17.4
general agent, 17.5.

Infinitive, 18.3.

Elliptical clause, 23.4.

Plural of Nouns — Ch. 7, § A

Nounsnot ending in sibilant, 7,1.

Nouns ending in sibilant, 7.2.

Common nouns in y, 7.3.

Proper nouns in y, 7.4.

Nouns in / or fe, 7.5.

Nouns in o, 7.6.

Nouns adding en, 7.7.

Nouns changing vowels, 7.8.

Unchanged plurals, 7.9.

Foreign plurals, 7.10.

Compound nouns, 7.11.

Letter, symbol, etc., 7.12.

Position of Modifiers — Ch. 13, § A; etc.

Elements falsely read together, 13.1; adverbial
modifier moved to beginning, 13.2; change of
construction desirable, 13.3.

Confused compound predicate, 13.4.

Position of only, etc., 13.5.

Adjective cl. separated from word modified, 13.6, ,
Squinting modifier, 13,7. V

Awkward split infinitive, 18.5; permissible split '
infinitive, 18.4.

Possessive Forms— Ch. P, § A, § B
Personal, relative, and inter, pron., 9.Z, 22.38.
Indefinite pronoun, 9.2, 22.37.

Nouns, 22.37: poss. sing, of most nouns, 9.3;
poss. sing, of nouns in s, 9.4 (apostrophe never
precedes original s, 9.5) ; poss. plu. of s plurals,
9.6; poss. plu. of plurals not in s, 9.7; avoid-
ance of awkward forms by phr. with of, 9.8;^
compound expression, 9.9; joint ownership, *
9.10; poss. of inanimate objects illogical, 9.14
(exceptions, 9.15).



GRAMMAR (completed)

Sentences and Fragments — Ch. 4; etc.
Necessity of subject and predicate, 1.1, 4.1.

Necessity of finite form, 4.2.

Elliptical sentences: commands, 4.,3; answers,
4.4; ciclamations, 4.,S; other situations (not
recommended for student), 4.6.

Fragments, 20.1, 21.3: appositive, 10.10; de-
pendent clause, 13.10; participle, 16.7; nom-
inative absolute, 16.8.

Subjunctive — (Jh. 15 , § C

Conditions contrary to fact, 15.1.

Wishes, 15.2.

Commands, motions, etc., 15.3.

Clauses of purpose, 15.4.

As ij and as though clauses, 15.5.

Concessions (if supposition), 15.6.

Simple conditions (optional), 15.7.

Tense — Ch. 6

Past for past perfect, 6.1.

Inconsistent change of tense, 6.2.

Sequence of tense after past t., 6.3; general
truth, 6.4; in purpose cl, 6.6; in verbal, 18 6.

Sequence of tense after present tense, 6.5; in
purpose clause, 6,6.

Shall — loill; simple future, 6.7; determination
of speaker, 6.8; determination of subject, 6,9;
willingness, promise in 1st person, 6.10; ques-
tions, 6,11; indirect quotation, 6.12.

Should — would: obligation, improbable condition,
reasonable expectation, 6.13; customary ac-
tion, wish, 6.14; other meanings, 6.15.

Troublesome Verbs— Ch. 19

Principal parts of troublesome verbs, 19.1.

Rise — raise, 19,2.

Lie — lay, 19.3.

Sit— set, 19.4.

Shall — will, should— would, see “Tense.”

RHETORIC
Diction — Ch. 2S

Exact word, 28.1; loose phrasing, 28.2; specific
word, 28. ,3,

Diction appropriate to subject, occasion, and
tone, 28.4: colloquialism, 28.5 (contraction,
28.6); vulgarism, 28.7; slang, 28.8; archaic,
obsolete, or poetic word, 28,9; “fine writing,”
28.10; triteness, 28.11 (in letters, 30.17); unidi-
omatic expression, 28.12; diction appropriate
to readers, 28,13.

Concrete word, 28.14; suggestive word, 28.15
(misleading suggestion, 28.16); figure of
speech, 28.17 (mixed figure, 28.18).

Emphatic diction, 28.19.

Glossary of faulty usage, 28.20.

, Economy — Ch. 23

Wordiness, 23.1.

Tautology, 23,2.

Elliptical clause, 23.3.


RHETORIC (completed)

Emphasis — Ch. 24, Cli. 27

Subordination, 24.1, 27.1: weakness of so re-
sult clause, 24.2; correction of comma splice
by subordination, 24.3; choppy sentences, 24.4;
stringiness, 24.5 (repetition of but or for to
join clauses, 24.6); upside-down subordination,
24.7; subordination by verbals, 24.8 (use of
verbals to remove stringiness and choppiness,
24.9).

Weak passive, 14.2, 27.2.

Effective passive, 14.1, 27.3,

Balance, 27.4.

Separation, 27.5.

Position, 27.6,

Last sentence of paragraph, 27.7.

Periodic sentence, 27,8.

Parenthetical element at end, 27.9.

Frequent weakness of nominative absolute, 16.4;
at end, 27.9.

“Buried” parenthetical element, 5.7, 27.10.
Order of climax, 27.11.

Transposed word order, 27.12.

Omission of useless words, 23.1-3, 27,13,
Repetition, 25,9, 27.14.

Variety, 25.1-10, 27.15.

Italics, 22.23, 27.16.

Rhetorical question, 27.17.

Emphatic diction, 28.19.

Parallelism — Ch. 26; etc.

Parallel structure, 26,1; outline, 26.2.
Disagreeable change of voice, 14.3.

Necessary change of voice, 14.4.

Misleading parallelism, 26.3; and who, etc.,

26.4.

Correlatives, 26,5.

Reference of Pronouns — Ch. 25, § E

Ambiguous antecedent, 25.11.

Inconspicuous or implied antecedent, 25.12.
Possible antecedent of impersonal pronoun, 25. 13.
Tow, they, it as indefinite pronouns, 25,14.

Clause as antecedent of pronoun, 25.15.

Singular pronoun with each, etc., 7.14, 25.16.

Variety — Ch. 25

Variety of sentence types, 25.1.

Variety of sentence beginning, 25.2 ; avoidance of
strained word order and faulty emphasis, 25.3;
verbals for variety of sentence beginning,

25.4.

Repetition of words, 25.5; avoidance of awk-
wardness, etc., 25.6.

Repetition for clearness, 25.7 (repetition of
article for clearness, 25.8).

Repetition of sound, 25.10.

Reference of pronouns — see previous subhead.



MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

Correspondence — Ch. 30

Stationery: business letter, 30.1; social letter,
30.2.

Headings, 30.3; cautions (;?; 12/24/36; st, etc.,
with the day after the month; omission of
Slreel, Avenue), preferable not to abbreviate
except D. C. and U. S. A., 30.4.

Inside address, 30.5: for clergymen and public
officials, 30.6; for married women, 30.7; names
of positions not abbreviated, 30.8.

Salutation, 30.0; for clergymen and public offi-
cials, 30.10; “attention of ,” 30.11; salu-

tation in a personal letter, 30.12.

Body, 30.13; paragraph length, 30.14, .Ap. 15e;
conciseness and directness, 30.15; standard
grammar, spelling, punctuation, 30.16; trite
diction, 30.17; courtesy, 30.18; the reply letter,
30.19; paragraphing and adaptation of per-
sonal letter, 30.20.

Complimentary close: business letter, 30.21;
personal letter, 30.22.

Signature: business letter, 30.23; initials of
typist, 30.24; woman’s signature in personal
letter, 30.25.

Outside address, 30.26; of married woman or
widow, 30.27; legibility and return address,
30.28.

Formal notes, 30.29; semi-formal notes, 30.30.

Paragraph — Ap. IV

Unity, Ap. 12.

Coherence, Ap. 13.

Choppy paragraphs, Ap. 14 (situations per-
mitting short paragraphs, Ap. 15).


MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS (completed)

Spelling — Ch. 29 ;

Plurals of nouns — subhead under “ Grammar.”

Possessive forms — subhead under “Grammar.”

Compounds — subhead under “Mechanics.”

Contractions, 22.36.

Suffijces; doubling of final consonant, 16.1 ; drop-
ping of final e, 16.2 (retention of e after c or g
if before a back vowel, 29.1; change of c to
ck before a front vowel, 29.2); y before vowel
suffix, 29.3; y before s, 29.4; any letter but y
before consonantal suffix, 29.5; addition of -ly,
29.6; -ful, 29.7.

Prefixes: prefix ending in unassimilated con-
sonant, 29.8; prefix ending in assimilated con-
sonant, 29.9; prefix ending in vowel, 29.10;
words with per- (not pre-), 29.11; words with
de- (not dis-), 29.12. ;

Order of ic and ei, 29.13.

Verbs in -ceed, -cede, related nouns, 29.14.

Misspelling because ©f mispronunciation, 29.15'
(insertion of a sound, 29.16).

Omission of silent letters, 29.17.

Tricky vowels: o, 29.18; », 29.19; e, 29.20; o,
29.21.

Superficial resemblances, 29.22; related words
with minor differences, 29.23.

All right, altar, alter, conscience, Mississippi,
murmur, necessary, necessity, written, embar-
rass, occasion, night, occupy, pantomime, priv-
ilege, sergea7it, similar, villain, captain, certain,
Britain, where, which, 29.24.

Test list, 29.25; supplementary test list, 29.26.

Words with two spellings: preferred form, 29.27;
form preferred in America, 29.28.


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